congenital/infantile cataract
定義: congenital:一出生即有 ; infantile:出生後一年內有
發生率1/2000
1/3 systemic disease,1/3 遺傳,1/3 原因不明
若metabolic disease則多屬雙側
* Ant. polar cataract
=> subcapsular cortex opacity
=> AD遺傳, 多不影響視力
=> 會出現於microphthalmos, persistent papillary membrane, ant. lenticonus
* Post. polar cataract
=> 範圍較大, 會影響視力
=> 若雙側為AD,單側是sporadic
=> 和tunica vasculosa lentis(單側)及 lenticonus, lentiglobus有關
* sutural cataract (stellate cataract)
=> 主要是Y suture opacity
=> 對視力不影響
* cerulean cataract
=> lens cortex佈滿blue dot,對視力不影響
nuclear cataract–embryonic or fetus nucleus opacity
=> 通常很小
* lamellar cataract
=> 最常見的congenital / infantile cataract
=> opacified layer with clear center
* Membrane cataract
=> lens protein被完全吸收完
=> 只留下ant. post. capsule fuse成一個white membrane
* rubella related catarat
=> congenital rubella為pearly white nuclear opacifications,
=> live virus直到出生後3年都可shed出來,成人時就無法shed出viral particle
=> 其它有pigmentary retinopathy, microphthalmos, glaucoma, leukoma
=> 通常cataract及 glaucoma「不會」同時在同一眼出現
牛刀小試:
Q: 較不影響視力的congenital cataract ?
A: ant. polar cataract, sutural cataract
Q: 最常見的congenital cataract為何?
A: lamellar cataract
Q: 三十歲的成人開ECCE時,檢體能否檢出rubella viral particle?
A: 不能,只存活於患者3歲前的crystalline lens
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Q: 較影響視力的congenital cataract ?
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Q: 較不影響視力的congenital cataract ?
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