定義: vascular sheathing → thickness of vascular wall with involution.
Venous sheathing通常出現於systemic inflammation(如MS, sarcoidosis)
有sheating vessel者:
Behcet disease:Obliterative vasculitis, 反覆發炎會sheathing vessel
IBD
Multiple sclerosis
Pars planitis:peripheral有venous sheating,但在post. pole沒有venous sheathing。
SLE會有Arteriolitis(+) (注意:是arteriolitis,不是vein!sarcoidosis和Behect是vein的發炎為主!)
syphilis到最後會有sheathing vessels。
toxoplasmosis會有perivasculitis with venous sheating 及 arterial sheathing。
Masquerade syndrome.
CMV retinitis
Birdshot
Serpiginous choroidopathy
Ocular ischemic syndrome
retinal metastases
viral retinitis
papilledema會有vascular sheating
radiation retinopathy : 會有perivascular sheathing