Pie in the sky
=> temporal lobe lesion afttecting Meyer's loop造成的VF defect。
=> superior, incngruous, homonymous hemianopic defects contraleral to the lesion, and spare the fixational area。
Bull’s eye maculopathy
* Stargadt disease
* Cone-rod dystrophy(最多)
* chronic macular hole
* ARMD
* Chloroquine retinal toxicity
Vitelliform macular dystrophy (egg-like → Best disease
Black sunburst fundus : non-Proliferative sickle retinopathy的RPE hypertrophy
Sunset glow fundus : VKH
bone spicules→RP患者可能出現的fundus表現(但只有少部份有,不用於診斷)
Frosted branch angiitis→perivascular CMV retinitis
Cotton wool spots
* nerve fiber infaction,造成axoplasmic transport受阻。
* 最常見的原因:DM (第一名!)
* AIDS最常出現的眼表現。
tobacco dust( Shafer's sign)由RRD所造成。
paving stone like RPE → Gyrate atrophy
Snowbank(冰山)
* Vitreous base附近聚集mononuclear cell, non-pigmentary ciliary epithelial cells, fibroblast-like cells
* 可見於Pars planitis, Sarcoidosis,雙側居多
* 小孩子toxocaria也可能出現單側snowbank
Snowball(雪球):出現於sarcoidosis及intermediate uveitis
S-shape eyelid: NF-1
8-ball sign → total hyphema (整顆黑得像8號撞球一樣)
Salmon patch hemorrhage → 常見於Proliferative sickle retinopathy
Salmon patch→常見於conjunctival lymphoma
oil droplet cataract → Glalactosemia(AR)
stellate cataract → sutural cataract
Chrismas tree cataract→myotonic dystrophy形成的cataract
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