主要用途:
case report / case series → 對舊疾病新觀點的闡述,或描述新的疾病
=> 很難統計出risk factor
Cohort study → 一般疾病的incidence、etiology統計
=> 缺點:size要大,花錢又花時間
Case-control studies → 罕見疾病危險因子分析,成本效益評估
=> 缺點: selection bias
Survey → 統計一地區的prevalence (populaton-based)
Clinical trial → 隨機取樣治療,評估療效。
=> 花錢又花時間,可能會loss of follow-up
性質:
experimental:clinical trial (特性:new data, 不需受試者回憶)
observational:
Cohort study,
case report / case series,
Case-control studies,
survey
樣本數:
large: survey, Cohort study
small: Case-control studies
variable: clinical trial, case report / case series
normal distribution的range
±1 SD : 68.3%
±2 SD : 95.5%
±3 SD : 99.7%
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