a wave → 由photoreceptors產生 (negative wave)
b wave → 由muller cell及bipolar cell產生 (positive wave)
C wave => 刺激後2-4秒由RPE產生
* Dark adapted test ( scotopic ERG)
=> Cone-rod break 在5-10分鐘!
* ERG對refractive error不sensitive(除非high myopia)
* 老人跟newborn的ERG signal較低
* 任何年齡都可以做ERG,就連可愛的小寶寶也不用上全麻上陣哩!(強押硬上…)
* Pupil size會影響ERG結果(進去的光量小則signal小)
* Rod比Cone對光還要敏感1000倍 (才有辦法夜視啊!)
* Multifocal ERG →測cone (macula) function
* Pattern ERG → 測ganglion cell layer功能,以偵測early glaucoma
* ERG可評估chronic ischemic vascular disease – b wave, flicker response,通常amplitude會降低且會delay(如CRVO)
* Ocular Ischemic syndrome–ERG顯示 a wave、b wave↓ ∵內外retina皆ischemia
* APMPPE –EOG↓,ERG↓
* Serpiginous–EOG↓,ERG↓
* MEWDS––EOG↓,ERG↓
* Birdshopt–ERG↓
* MCP–ERG ↓or↑
* acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR)–ERG↓
* Achromatopsia ( monochromats ): ERG缺cone response,但Rod response正常
* Albinisum: normal cone response in ERG
* CSNB: loss of the rod b-wave and netative-type ERG
* fundus albipunctus –normal ERG
* RP–ERG乃診斷RP最重要且可靠的工具!
=> loss or marked reduction of rod and cone
=> a,b wave皆下降 (下降,而不是negative)
* sectorial RP–只有在某個sector有,雙眼對稱
=> 不會出現reduced and delayed coned b-wave
=> 因為只有sectorial,不足以構成ERG change (seems normal ERG)
* Leber congenital amaurosis => ERG自出生幾乎detect不到
* Cone dystrophy–photopic ERG detect不到而rod ERG正常或接近正常
* Best disease (Vitelliform macular dystrophy)=> normal ERG, abnormal EOG
* Adult-onset vitelliform lesion→EOG正常
* familial drusen→normal ERG及EOG
* pattern dystrophy–mild EOG reduced (∵RPE disorder),normal ERG
* choroideremia–ERG早期異常,但到mid-life則消失
=> Carrier ERG正常,視力正常,有些peripheral RPE change
* Regional and central choroidal dystrophy→normal ERG及EOG
* X-lined Retinoschisis (XLRS)
=> ERG, a wave正常,b wave減弱
=> 最為constant的diagnostic feature
=> 整體而言,ERG呈negative waveform
* Goldman-Farve syndrome(enhanced S-cone syndrome)
=> ERG呈negative waveform
negative ERG
發生在a-wave增強或b-wave減弱的情形。
1. CSNB
2. Goldmann-Farve syndrome (enhanced S-cone syndrome)
3. X-linked Retinoschisis (XLRS)
4. MAR
5. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
6. systemic malignant melanoma
例題1: 下列何者不會發現abnormal ERG?
a. Serpiginous
b. sectorial RP
c. Leber congenital amaurosis
d. CRVO
答: b
例題2: 下列何者不會發現ERG呈negative waveform?
a. CSNB
b. Goldmann-Farve syndrome (enhanced S-cone syndrome)
c. X-linked Retinoschisis (XLRS)
d. retinitis pigmentosa
答: d
例題4: 下列何者會出現正常的ERG及subnormal EOG?
a. retinitis pigmentosa
b. Best disease
c. pattern dystrophies
d. Adult-onset vitelliform lesion
答: b,c
ERG的是是非非:
(X) 小寶寶做ERG要上全麻
(X) ERG主要是測macular function
(X) sectorial RP會出現marked reduced ERG waveform
(X) pupil size不影響ERG的結果
(X) Albinisum會出現abnormal cone response in ERG
(O) ERG乃診斷RP最重要且可靠的工具!
(O) pattern dystrophy會有normal ERG
(O) Leber congenital amaurosis自出生幾乎detect不到ERG
(O) Multifocal ERG主要是測cone (macula) function
(O) White dot syndrome中,OHS及PIC的ERG及EOG通常正常
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